精萘是一種從煤焦油或石油餾分中提煉的有機化合物，其化學結構由兩個苯環(huán)通過共用兩個相鄰碳原子連接而成。這種獨特的分子結構賦予了精萘特殊的物理化學性質，使其在涂料領域展現(xiàn)出多重功能價值。

　　Naphthalene is an organic compound extracted from coal tar or petroleum fractions, and its chemical structure is composed of two benzene rings connected by sharing two adjacent carbon atoms. This unique molecular structure endows naphthalene with special physical and chemical properties, making it exhibit multifunctional value in the field of coatings.

　　在涂料配方設計中，精萘常作為功能性助劑使用。其分子中的芳香環(huán)結構能夠與樹脂分子產生π-π相互作用，這種非共價鍵結合方式可增強樹脂鏈段的規(guī)整性。實驗數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在環(huán)氧樹脂體系中添加0.5%-2%的精萘，可使涂膜的交聯(lián)密度提升15%-20%，直接表現(xiàn)為涂層硬度的顯著提高。這種硬化效應在地板漆、工業(yè)防腐漆等需要高耐磨性的應用場景中尤為重要，可使涂層耐劃傷性能提升30%以上，延長涂層使用壽命。

　　In coating formulation design, refined naphthalene is often used as a functional additive. The aromatic ring structure in its molecule can generate π - π interactions with resin molecules, which enhances the regularity of resin chain segments through non covalent bonding. Experimental data shows that adding 0.5% -2% naphthalene to the epoxy resin system can increase the crosslinking density of the coating by 15% -20%, directly manifested as a significant increase in coating hardness. This hardening effect is particularly important in applications that require high wear resistance, such as floor paint and industrial anti-corrosion paint. It can improve the scratch resistance of coatings by more than 30% and extend their service life.

　　精萘的揮發(fā)性特征在涂料施工工藝中發(fā)揮關鍵作用。其沸點范圍在210-220℃之間，在涂料固化過程中可形成梯度揮發(fā)特性。初期低溫階段，少量精萘揮發(fā)可調節(jié)體系黏度，改善流平性；中溫階段持續(xù)揮發(fā)產生微氣泡，這些氣泡在涂層表面破裂時形成微觀粗糙度，有效降低光澤度，特別適用于亞光涂料的制備。這種可控的揮發(fā)機制使精萘成為調節(jié)涂料光澤度的理想助劑，在木器漆、建筑外墻涂料等領域得到廣泛應用。

　　The volatile characteristics of refined naphthalene play a key role in the coating construction process. Its boiling point range is between 210-220 ℃, and it can form a gradient volatilization characteristic during the curing process of the coating. In the initial low-temperature stage, a small amount of refined naphthalene volatilization can adjust the viscosity of the system and improve leveling; Continuous evaporation during the medium temperature stage produces microbubbles, which form micro roughness when the coating surface ruptures, effectively reducing glossiness, and are particularly suitable for the preparation of matte coatings. This controllable volatilization mechanism makes refined naphthalene an ideal additive for adjusting the glossiness of coatings, and has been widely used in fields such as wood coatings and exterior wall coatings.

　　在防腐涂料體系里，精萘展現(xiàn)出獨特的協(xié)同防護效應。其分子中的共軛大π鍵可與防銹顏料如磷酸鋅、三聚磷酸鋁發(fā)生配位作用，形成穩(wěn)定的螯合物。這種螯合物在金屬表面形成致密吸附層，將腐蝕介質與基材有效隔離。電化學測試表明，含精萘的環(huán)氧防腐涂料在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蝕電流密度可降低至10??A/cm?量級，防護效率較傳統(tǒng)配方提升40%。這種特性使其在船舶涂料、橋梁鋼結構防護等領域具有不可替代的價值。

　　In the anti-corrosion coating system, refined naphthalene exhibits a unique synergistic protective effect. The conjugated large π bonds in its molecule can coordinate with anti rust pigments such as zinc phosphate and aluminum tripolyphosphate to form stable chelates. This chelate forms a dense adsorption layer on the metal surface, effectively isolating the corrosive medium from the substrate. Electrochemical tests have shown that the corrosion current density of epoxy anti-corrosion coatings containing refined naphthalene can be reduced to the order of 10 ?? A/cm ? in a 3.5% NaCl solution, and the protective efficiency is increased by 40% compared to traditional formulations. This characteristic makes it irreplaceable in fields such as ship coatings and bridge steel structure protection.

　　精萘的阻燃增強效應也值得關注。其分子結構中的芳香環(huán)在受熱分解時會產生碳化層，這種碳層具有優(yōu)異的隔熱隔氧性能。在膨脹型防火涂料中，精萘與聚磷酸銨、季戊四醇構成協(xié)同阻燃體系，可使涂層在750℃高溫下形成30mm以上的膨脹炭層，背火面溫度升幅控制在150℃以內，滿足GB 14907-2018《鋼結構防火涂料》要求。這種阻燃機制在建筑防火、電力設備防護等方面具有重要應用價值。

　　The flame retardant enhancement effect of refined naphthalene is also worth paying attention to. The aromatic ring in its molecular structure will produce a carbonized layer during thermal decomposition, which has excellent thermal and oxygen insulation properties. In the expansion type fireproof coating, refined naphthalene forms a synergistic flame retardant system with ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol, which can form an expansion carbon layer of more than 30mm in the coating at a high temperature of 750 ℃. The temperature rise of the back fire surface is controlled within 150 ℃, meeting the requirements of GB 14907-2018 "Steel Structure Fireproof Coatings". This flame retardant mechanism has important application value in building fire prevention, power equipment protection, and other aspects.

　　在環(huán)境友好型涂料開發(fā)中，精萘也展現(xiàn)出改良潛力。通過化學改性可制備水性精萘衍生物，這類物質在乳液涂料中既能保持原有的增硬效果，又可降低揮發(fā)性有機化合物（VOC）排放。實際應用表明，采用改性精萘的水性木器漆，其硬度可達2H級，VOC含量低于50g/L，符合環(huán)境標志產品技術要求。這種綠色化改性方向符合涂料行業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展趨勢。

　　In the development of environmentally friendly coatings, refined naphthalene has also shown potential for improvement. Waterborne refined naphthalene derivatives can be prepared by chemical modification, which can not only maintain the original hardening effect in lotion coatings, but also reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Practical application has shown that water-based wood coatings using modified naphthalene can achieve a hardness of 2H level and a VOC content of less than 50g/L, which meets the technical requirements of environmental labeling products. This green modification direction is in line with the sustainable development trend of the coating industry.

　　值得注意的是，精萘的使用需嚴格控制添加量。過量添加可能導致涂層脆性增加，在-20℃低溫環(huán)境下沖擊強度下降30%以上。因此，實際應用中需通過差示掃描量熱儀（DSC）測定玻璃化轉變溫度，結合彎曲試驗確定最佳添加范圍。典型配方中，溶劑型涂料建議用量1%-3%，水性涂料因分散性問題需適當降低至0.5%-1.5%。

　　It is worth noting that the use of refined naphthalene requires strict control over the amount added. Excessive addition may lead to an increase in coating brittleness, resulting in a decrease of over 30% in impact strength at -20 ℃ low temperature environment. Therefore, in practical applications, the glass transition temperature needs to be measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the optimal addition range needs to be determined by combining bending tests. In typical formulations, the recommended dosage for solvent based coatings is 1% -3%, while for water-based coatings, it should be appropriately reduced to 0.5% -1.5% due to dispersion issues.

　　精萘在涂料中扮演著多重功能角色，從基礎性能提升到特殊功能實現(xiàn)，其作用機理涉及分子相互作用、相態(tài)調控、界面效應等多個層面。隨著分析技術的發(fā)展，對其作用機制的認知不斷深入，為涂料配方設計提供了更多可能性。未來，通過結構改性和復合技術，精萘有望在高性能涂料、功能涂料等領域展現(xiàn)更廣闊的應用前景。

　　Naphthalene plays multiple functional roles in coatings, from improving basic performance to achieving special functions. Its mechanism of action involves multiple levels such as molecular interactions, phase control, and interface effects. With the development of analytical technology, the understanding of its mechanism of action continues to deepen, providing more possibilities for coating formulation design. In the future, through structural modification and composite technology, refined naphthalene is expected to show broader application prospects in high-performance coatings, functional coatings, and other fields.

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